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Helmand Valley Authority

The Helmand and Arghandab Valley Authority (HAVA) is an agency of the Afghan government established to manage the economic development of the Helmand Province and the Arghandab Valley.[1][2]EnglishThe Helmand and Arghandab Valley Authority (HAVA) is an agency of the Afghan government established to manage the economic development of the Helmand Province and the Arghandab Valley.پښتود هلمند او ارغنداب دره اداره (HAVA) د افغانستان د حکومت یوه اداره ده چې د هلمند ولایت او ارغنداب دره د اقتصادي پراختیا د مدیریت لپاره جوړه شوې ده.دریاداره دره هلمند و ارغنداب (HAVA) یک اداره دولت افغانستان است که برای مدیریت توسعه اقتصادی ولایت هلمند و دره ارغنداب تاسیس شده است. The authority was founded on December 4, 1952, and was originally known as the Helmand Valley Authority (HVA) until its expansion in 1965.[1][2]EnglishThe authority was founded on December 4, 1952, and was originally known as the Helmand Valley Authority (HVA) until its expansion in 1965.پښتودا اداره د دسمبر په ۴، ۱۹۵۲ کې تاسیس شوه، او په اصل کې د هلمند ویلی اداره په نوم پیژندل کیده تر هغه چې په ۱۹۶۵ کې پراخه شي.دریاین اداره در ۴ دسامبر ۱۹۵۲ تاسیس شد و در اصل تا زمان گسترش آن در سال ۱۹۶۵ به عنوان اداره دره هلمند شناخته می شد. It is headquartered in the city of Lashkar Gah.[1]EnglishIt is headquartered in the city of Lashkar Gah.پښتو(د HVA) دا په لښکرګاه ښار کې مرکزي دفتر لري.دری(HVA ها) این اداره در شهر لشکرگاه واقع شده است.

Establishment and mandate

The HAVA was created to oversee irrigation and agricultural land development along the Helmand River and the Arghandab River.[1][2]EnglishThe HAVA was created to oversee irrigation and agricultural land development along the Helmand River and the Arghandab River.پښتوHAVA د هلمند سیند او ارغنداب سیند په اوږدو کې د اوبو لګولو او زراعتي ځمکې پراختیا نظارت کولو لپاره رامینځته شوی و.دریHAVA برای نظارت بر آبیاری و توسعه زمین های زراعتی در امتداد رودخانه هلمند و رودخانه ارغنداب ایجاد شد. This mandate was part of a long-term plan to prioritize the economic development of these regions for the future of Afghanistan.[1]EnglishThis mandate was part of a long-term plan to prioritize the economic development of these regions for the future of Afghanistan.پښتودا ماموریت د افغانستان د راتلونکي لپاره د دې سیمو اقتصادي پراختیا ته لومړیتوب ورکولو لپاره د اوږدمهاله پلان یوه برخه وه.دریاین ماموریت بخشی از یک برنامه بلند مدت برای اولویت بندی توسعه اقتصادی این مناطق برای آینده افغانستان بود.

In addition to irrigation and land development, the agency's mandate includes:

  • Flood control and power supply.[1]
  • Improvements to agricultural methods and equipment.[1]
  • Advancement in health and education.[1]
  • Development of road connections.[1]
  • The resettlement of approximately 5,500 nomadic and landless families into the region.[1][2]

U.S. involvement and funding

The project received significant support from the United States.[1][2][3] The U.S. Government was officially involved in the project from 1949 until the Soviet invasion in 1979.[1] Between 1949 and 1971, the U.S. financed the construction of eight dams on the Helmand River.[1][2]

The agency became a prominent showcase for U.S. foreign aid.[1][4] From 1960, the Agency for International Development (USAID) and its predecessor spent approximately $80 million on 25 projects, with the HAVA serving as a centerpiece.[1][4] The project received major loans from the Export–Import Bank of the United States.[1][2] During the 1950s and 1960s, roughly 20% of all Afghan government expenditure was allocated to the HVA and HAVA.[1][2]

The earliest modern irrigation initiatives in the region began in 1935 with financial support from the Japanese government.[1][2]EnglishThe earliest modern irrigation initiatives in the region began in 1935 with financial support from the Japanese government.پښتودا اداره د متحده ایالاتو د بهرنیو مرستو لپاره یو مشهور نندارتون شو.دریاین اداره به یک نمایشگاه برجسته برای کمک های خارجی ایالات متحده تبدیل شد. The German government also provided assistance.[1]EnglishThe German government also provided assistance.پښتوله ۱۹۶۰ راهیسې، د نړیوالې پراختیا ادارې او د هغې مخکښ په ۲۵ پروژو کې شاوخوا ۸۰ ملیون ډالر مصرف کړي، د HAVA سره د مرکزي برخې په توګه خدمت کوي.دریاز سال ۱۹۶۰، آژانس انکشاف بین المللی و پیشگام آن تقریباً ۸۰ میلیون دالر را در ۲۵ پروژه هزینه کردند، که HAVA به عنوان یک قطعه مرکزی عمل می کرد.

The Tennessee Valley Authority model

The HAVA was modeled after the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) in the United States.[1][2][3][5][6]EnglishThe HAVA was modeled after the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) in the United States.پښتو(د امریکا پراختیايي اداره) دې پروژې د متحده ایالاتو د صادراتو او وارداتو بانک څخه لوی پورونه ترلاسه کړل.دری(USAID) این پروژه وام های عمده ای از بانک صادرات و واردات ایالات متحده دریافت کرد. Historian Arnold J.EnglishHistorian Arnold J.پښتود ۱۹۵۰ او ۱۹۶۰ لسیزو په جریان کې، د افغانستان د ټولو حکومتي لګښتونو شاوخوا ۲۰٪ د HVA او HAVA لپاره تخصیص شوي وو.دریدر طول دهه های ۱۹۵۰ و ۱۹۶۰، تقریباً ۲۰٪ از تمام هزینه های دولت افغانستان به HVA و HAVA اختصاص داده شد. Toynbee described the project as a "piece of America inserted into the Afghan Landscape," where the river was used to create a "new world" in the desert.[1][2][5]EnglishToynbee described the project as a "piece of America inserted into the Afghan Landscape," where the river was used to create a "new world" in the desert.پښتوپه سیمه کې د اوبو لګولو لومړني عصري نوښتونه په ۱۹۳۵ کې د جاپاني حکومت ملي ملاتړ سره پیل شوي.دریاولین طرح های آبیاری مدرن در این منطقه در سال ۱۹۳۵ با حمایت ملی دولت جاپان آغاز شد.

Irrigation and agricultural development

The irrigation system was designed to facilitate some of the world's most significant desert irrigation schemes.[1][2]EnglishThe irrigation system was designed to facilitate some of the world's most significant desert irrigation schemes.پښتود جرمني حکومت هم مرسته وکړه.دریدولت آلمان نیز کمک های خود را ارائه کرد. It provides water through the Boghra, Shamalan, and Darweshan canals.[1][2]EnglishIt provides water through the Boghra, Shamalan, and Darweshan canals.پښتوHAVA په متحده ایالاتو کې د ټینیسي ویلی ادارې وروسته ماډل شوی و.دریHAVA بعد از اداره دره تنسی در ایالات متحده مدل سازی شد. Before the conflicts of the late 1970s, the irrigated areas were major producers of grain and cotton for Afghanistan and a primary source of foreign exchange.[1][2]EnglishBefore the conflicts of the late 1970s, the irrigated areas were major producers of grain and cotton for Afghanistan and a primary source of foreign exchange.پښتو(د VAT په اړه) تاریخ لیکونکی ارنولډ ج.دری(مالیات بر ارزش افزوده) مورخ آرنولد ج.

The agency manages irrigation for several areas in the Helmand Province, including Nad Ali, Marja, Shamalon, Darweshan, Khanishin, Seraj, Girishk, Sanguin-Kajakai, Musa Qala, and Nowzad.[1]EnglishThe agency manages irrigation for several areas in the Helmand Province, including Nad Ali, Marja, Shamalon, Darweshan, Khanishin, Seraj, Girishk, Sanguin-Kajakai, Musa Qala, and Nowzad.پښتوتوینبي دا پروژه د "د افغانستان په منظره کې د امریکا یوه ټوټه" په توګه تشریح کړه، چیرې چې سیند په صحرا کې د "نوي نړۍ" رامینځته کولو لپاره کارول شوی و.دریتوینبی این پروژه را به عنوان "تکه ای از امریکا که در منظره افغانستان قرار داده شده است" توصیف کرد، جایی که از رودخانه برای ایجاد یک "جهان جدید" در بیابان استفاده شده است. It also serves regions in Kandahar such as Maywand, Daman, Arghandab, and Panjwayi.[1]EnglishIt also serves regions in Kandahar such as Maywand, Daman, Arghandab, and Panjwayi.پښتود اوبو لګولو سیسټم د نړۍ د صحرا د اوبو لګولو ځینې خورا مهم سکیمونو اسانه کولو لپاره ډیزاین شوی و.دریسیستم آبیاری برای تسهیل برخی از مهم ترین طرح های آبیاری بیابان در جهان طراحی شده است.

The HAVA's development led to a tenfold increase in agricultural income.[1]EnglishThe HAVA's development led to a tenfold increase in agricultural income.پښتودا د بوګرا، شمالان، او درویشان کانالونو له لارې اوبه چمتو کوي.دریاین آب را از طریق کانال های بوغرا، شمالان و درویشان فراهم می کند. However, issues arose by 1975 due to over-irrigation and poor drainage, which caused waterlogging and soil salinization.[1]EnglishHowever, issues arose by 1975 due to over-irrigation and poor drainage, which caused waterlogging and soil salinization.پښتود ۱۹۷۰ لسیزې په وروستیو کې د شخړو دمخه، اوبو لګول شوي سیمې د افغانستان لپاره د حبوباتو او پنبې لوی تولید کونکي او د بهرنۍ تبادلې لومړنۍ سرچینه وه.دریقبل از درگیری های اواخر دهه ۱۹۷۰، مناطق آبیاری شده تولید کنندگان عمده غلات و پنبه برای افغانستان و منبع اصلی ارز خارجی بودند. The irrigation of these areas also led to a significant reduction in the flow of the Helmand River into Lake Hamun.[1]EnglishThe irrigation of these areas also led to a significant reduction in the flow of the Helmand River into Lake Hamun.پښتودا اداره د هلمند په ولایت کې د څو سیمو لپاره د اوبو لګولو اداره کوي، پشمول ناد علي، مارجا، شملون، درویشان، خانشین، سیرج، ګیرشک، سنګین - کجاکای، موسی قلعه، او اوسزاد.دریاین اداره مدیریت آبیاری را برای چندین منطقه در ولایت هلمند، از جمله ناد علی، مارجا، شامالون، درویشان، خانیشین، سراج، گریشک، سانگوین-کاجاکای، موسی قلعه و نوژاد انجام می دهد. This caused environmental damage and the drying of a significant international wetland in 1999.[1]EnglishThis caused environmental damage and the drying of a significant international wetland in 1999.پښتودا په کندهار کې سیمو ته هم خدمت کوي لکه میوند، دامان، ارغنداب، او پنجوايي.دریهمچنین به مناطق در قندهار مانند مایوند، دامان، ارغنداب و پنجوای خدمات می دهد.

During the late 20th century, the irrigation system contributed to the extensive cultivation of poppy in the region.[1]EnglishDuring the late 20th century, the irrigation system contributed to the extensive cultivation of poppy in the region.پښتود HAVA پراختیا د زراعتي عاید لس چنده زیاتوالي لامل شو.دریتوسعه HAVA منجر به ده برابر شدن درآمد زراعتی شد. Between 1979 and 2002, the area under irrigation decreased to approximately 1,500,000 hectares.[1][2]EnglishBetween 1979 and 2002, the area under irrigation decreased to approximately 1,500,000 hectares.پښتوپه هرصورت، د ۱۹۷۵ لخوا د ډیرې اوبو لګولو او ضعیف ډرینج له امله مسلې رامینځته شوې، کوم چې د اوبو اوبو او د خاورې مالګې کیدو لامل شوی.دریبا این حال، مشکلات در سال ۱۹۷۵ به دلیل آبیاری بیش از حد و تخلیه ضعیف بوجود آمد، که باعث ایجاد آب و نمکی شدن خاک شد.

The Kajaki Dam project

Two major projects were completed in the 1950s to support the authority's goals.[1][2]EnglishTwo major projects were completed in the 1950s to support the authority's goals.پښتود دې سیمو اوبو لګولو هم د هلمند سیند جریان کې د پام وړ کموالی لامل شوی.دریآبیاری این مناطق همچنین منجر به کاهش قابل توجهی در جریان رودخانه هلمند به دریاچه هامون شد. The Arghandab (Dahla) Dam was completed in 1952.[1][2]EnglishThe Arghandab (Dahla) Dam was completed in 1952.پښتودا د چاپیریال زیان او په ۱۹۹۹ کې د پام وړ نړیوالې لندبل ځمکې وچیدو لامل شوی.دریاین باعث تخریب محیط زیست و خشک شدن یک تالاب مهم بین المللی در سال ۱۹۹۹ شد. The Kajaki Dam on the Helmand River was completed in 1953.[1][2]EnglishThe Kajaki Dam on the Helmand River was completed in 1953.پښتود شلمې پیړۍ په وروستیو کې، د اوبو لګولو سیسټم په سیمه کې د پاپی پراخه کښت کې برخه اخیستې.دریدر اواخر قرن بیستم، سیستم آبیاری به کشت گسترده خشخاش در این منطقه کمک کرد. Both structures were built by a local subsidiary of Morrison Knudsen, the company responsible for the Hoover Dam.[1][2]EnglishBoth structures were built by a local subsidiary of Morrison Knudsen, the company responsible for the Hoover Dam.پښتود ۱۹۷۹ او ۲۰۰۲ ترمینځ، د اوبو لګولو ساحه شاوخوا ۱,۵۰۰,۰۰۰، هکتاره ته راټیټه شوې.دریبین سال های ۱۹۷۹ و ۲۰۰۲، مساحت زیر آبیاری به حدود ۱،۵۰۰،۰۰۰ هکتار کاهش یافت. The Kajaki Dam had a capacity of 52 MW and was the largest dam in Afghanistan until the Soviet-built Naghlu Dam was constructed in the 1960s.[7][8]EnglishThe Kajaki Dam had a capacity of 52 MW and was the largest dam in Afghanistan until the Soviet-built Naghlu Dam was constructed in the 1960s.پښتود ادارې د اهدافو ملاتړ لپاره په ۱۹۵۰ لسیزه کې دوه لویې پروژې بشپړې شوې.دریدو پروژه بزرگ در دهه ۱۹۵۰ برای حمایت از اهداف مقامات تکمیل شد.

Expansion and modern infrastructure

The HAVA remains a vital capital resource for maintaining and expanding agricultural production.[1][2]EnglishThe HAVA remains a vital capital resource for maintaining and expanding agricultural production.پښتود ارغنداب بند په ۱۹۵۲ کې بشپړ شو.دریسد ارغنداب در سال ۱۹۵۲ تکمیل شد. In 2005, following a USAID-funded project, the HAVA began managing fresh water connections and maintenance fees for the residents of Lashkar Gah.[1][2]EnglishIn 2005, following a USAID-funded project, the HAVA began managing fresh water connections and maintenance fees for the residents of Lashkar Gah.پښتو(ډهلا) په هلمند سیند کې د کجکي بند په ۱۹۵۳ کې بشپړ شو.دری(داله ها) سد کجکی در رودخانه هلمند در سال ۱۹۵۳ تکمیل شد.

Between 2010 and 2012, the British Royal Engineers (Operation Tethys) repaired the HAVA's irrigation systems at 170 points.[1][2]EnglishBetween 2010 and 2012, the British Royal Engineers (Operation Tethys) repaired the HAVA's irrigation systems at 170 points.پښتودواړه جوړښتونه د موریسن کنوډسن سیمه ایزې څانګې لخوا جوړ شوي، هغه شرکت چې د هوور ډیم لپاره مسؤل دی.دریهر دو سازه توسط یک شرکت محلی وابسته به موریسون کنودسن، شرکت مسئول سد هوور ساخته شده است. Following this, the HAVA was able to expand the irrigation system to 30 additional locations.[1]EnglishFollowing this, the HAVA was able to expand the irrigation system to 30 additional locations.پښتود کجکي بند د ۵۲ میګاواټ ظرفیت درلود او په افغانستان کې ترټولو لوی بند و تر هغه چې د شوروي لخوا جوړ شوی ناګلو بند په ۱۹۶۰s کې جوړ شو.دریسد کجکی ظرفیت ۵۲ مگاوات داشت و تا زمانی که سد ناگلو ساخته شده توسط شوروی در دهه ۱۹۶۰ ساخته نشد، بزرگترین سد در افغانستان بود. In 2011, a Helmand River Basin Study and Master Plan was initiated with funding from the British Department for International Development to rebuild the capacity of the HAVA.[1][2]

Sources

  1. اداره هلمند و دره ارغنداب - ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
  2. Helmand and Arghandab Valley Authority - Wikipedia
  3. Helmand Valley Authority | Afghanistan | Britannica
  4. Helmand River | Afghanistan, Iran, Origin, Dispute, Conflict... | Britannica
  5. DTIC ADA523635: Surface Water Investigations in Afghanistan: A Summary of Activities from 1952 to 1969. Appendix 2: Termination of Assignment Report
  6. azu_acku_pamphlet_hd1698_a3_r4_1956
  7. PDF Helmand Valley Authority: the TVA Approach, Not British Geopolitics
  8. Helmand Valley Authority: the TVA Approach, Not British Geopolitics