Afshar Dynasty

The Afsharid dynasty was an Iranian dynasty founded by Nadir Shah of the Qirqlu clan of the Turkoman Afshar tribe.^[1]^[2]EnglishThe Afsharid dynasty was an Iranian dynasty founded by Nadir Shah of the Qirqlu clan of the Turkoman Afshar tribe.پښتود افشاریانو سلسله یوه ایراني سلسله وه چې په نادیر شاه کال کې د ترکمن افشار قبیلې د قرقلو د قبیلې لخوا تاسیس شوې وه.دریسلسله افشار یک سلسله ایرانی بود که در سال نادیر شاه توسط قبیله قرقلو از قبیله افشار ترکمان تاسیس شد. The dynasty ruled over Afsharid Iran from 1736 to 1796.^[1]^[2]^[3]EnglishThe dynasty ruled over Afsharid Iran from 1736 to 1796.پښتودغه سلسله له ۱۷۳۶ څخه تر ۱۷۹۶ پورې په افشارید ایران باندې واکمني کوله.دریاین سلسله از سال ۱۷۳۶ تا ۱۷۹۶ بر ایران افشار حکومت کرد. The ruling family was of Turkoman origin and settled in the Azerbaijan and Persia regions during the late 12th and early 13th centuries following the Mongol migrations.^[4]EnglishThe ruling family was of Turkoman origin and settled in the Azerbaijan and Persia regions during the late 12th and early 13th centuries following the Mongol migrations.پښتوواکمن کورنۍ د ترکمن اصلي وه او د منګول کډوالۍ وروسته د ۱۲ پیړۍ په وروستیو او ۱۳ پیړۍ په لومړیو کې د آذربایجان او فارس په سیمو کې میشته شوې.دریخانواده حاکم از نژاد ترکمن بود و در اواخر قرن ۱۲ و اوایل قرن ۱۳ پس از مهاجرت مغول ها در مناطق آذربایجان و پارس ساکن شدند.

Founding by Nader Shah

The dynasty began with the rise of Nadir Shah, who established the state in 1736.^[1]^[2]^[3]EnglishThe dynasty began with the rise of Nadir Shah, who established the state in 1736.پښتوسلسله د نادیر شاه په راپورته کیدو سره پیل شوه، چا چې په ۱۷۳۶ کې دولت تاسیس کړ.دریسلسله با ظهور نادیر شاه آغاز شد که دولت را در سال ۱۷۳۶ تاسیس کرد. The dynasty was established in 1148 AH (1736 CE).^[1]^[3]EnglishThe dynasty was established in 1148 AH (1736 CE).پښتودغه سلسله په ١١٤٨ هجري کال کې جوړه شوه.دریسلسله در سال ۱۱۴۸ هجری تاسیس شد.

Territorial conquests

The conquests reached from Iraq and the Caucasus to the Indus Valley and the Mughal Empire regions.^[1]^[6]EnglishThe conquests reached from Iraq and the Caucasus to the Indus Valley and the Mughal Empire regions.پښتوفتوحات له عراق او قفقاز څخه د هند دره او مغلو امپراتورۍ سیمو ته رسیدلي.دریفتوحات از عراق و قفقاز تا دره ایندوس و مناطق امپراطوری مغول را شامل می شد. Significant military actions included:EnglishSignificant military actions included:پښتود پام وړ پوځي کړنو کې شامل دي:دریفعالیت های مهم نظامی شامل:

The Ottoman Empire: Nadir Shah engaged in multiple wars against the Ottomans.^[1]^[13]
The Mughal Empire: He conducted a conquest of India and a massacre in Delhi.^[1]
Afghanistan: The empire included Afghanistan.^[1]^[6] Nader Shah conquered most of Afghanistan between 1737 and 1738.^[11] This conquest included the deposition of Hussain Hotak during the Siege of Kandahar.^[12]
Caucasus: He launched an attack on Dagestan.^[1]

Rule over Iran and surrounding regions

During the reign of Nadir Shah, the state was characterized by the dominance of the state over religious institutions.^[1]EnglishDuring the reign of Nadir Shah, the state was characterized by the dominance of the state over religious institutions.پښتود نادیر شاه د واکمنۍ په جریان کې، دولت د مذهبي ادارو په وړاندې د دولت تسلط لخوا مشخص شوی و.دریدر دوران سلطنت نادیر شاه، دولت با تسلط دولت بر مؤسسات مذهبی مشخص شد. The Twelver Shia faith was treated as equal to other sects, and the influence of the ulama was restricted.^[1]EnglishThe Twelver Shia faith was treated as equal to other sects, and the influence of the ulama was restricted.پښتود دولسو شیعه عقیدې سره د نورو فرقه ګانو سره مساوي چلند کیده، او د علما نفوذ محدود و.دریایمان شیعه دوازده گانه با سایر فرقه ها برابر بود و نفوذ علماء محدود بود. He confiscated waqf resources to impact the finances of religious scholars.^[1]EnglishHe confiscated waqf resources to impact the finances of religious scholars.پښتوهغه د مذهبي عالمانو د ملي اغیزو لپاره د وقف سرچینې ضبط کړې.دریاو منابع واکف را مصادره کرد تا بر امور ملی دانشمندان دینی تاثیر بگذارد.

The official language of the court remained Dari (Persian), while the ruling dynasty was Turkic-speaking.^[1]^[7]EnglishThe official language of the court remained Dari (Persian), while the ruling dynasty was Turkic-speaking.پښتود محکمې رسمي ژبه ډاري (فارسي) پاتې شوه، پداسې حال کې چې واکمن سلسله ترکي ژبه وه.دریزبان رسمی دربار همچنان دریایی ها (فارسی) باقی ماند، در حالی که سلسله حاکم به زبان ترکی بود. The dynasty maintained a continuity of the Iranian empire as established by previous eras.^[3]EnglishThe dynasty maintained a continuity of the Iranian empire as established by previous eras.پښتوسلسله د ایران د امپراتورۍ تسلسل ساتلی لکه څنګه چې د تیرو دورو لخوا رامینځته شوی.دریسلسله یک تداوم امپراطوری ایران را که توسط دوره های قبلی ایجاد شده بود، حفظ کرد.

Fall of the dynasty

Following the death of Nadir Shah in 1747, the dynasty entered a period of instability.^[2]^[10]EnglishFollowing the death of Nadir Shah in 1747, the dynasty entered a period of instability.پښتوپه ۱۷۴۷ کې د نادیر شاه مړینې وروسته، سلسله د بې ثباتۍ دورې ته ننوتله.دریبعد از مرگ نادیر شاه در سال ۱۷۴۷، سلسله وارد یک دوره بی ثباتی شد. The succession was marked by short reigns:EnglishThe succession was marked by short reigns:پښتود جانشینۍ دوره د لنډو واکمنو لخوا نښه شوې وه:دریسلسله جانشینی با حکومت های کوتاه مشخص شد:

Adel Shah: Ruled from 1747 to 1748.^[2]
Shahrokh Shah: Ruled twice, first from 1748 to 1750 and later from 1750 to 1796.^[2]
Ebrahim Afshar: Ruled briefly in 1748.^[2]

The dynasty ended in 1796.^[2]^[3]EnglishThe dynasty ended in 1796.پښتودغه سلسله په ۱۷۹۶ کال کې پای ته ورسېده.دریسلسله در سال ۱۷۹۶ به پایان رسید. The final ruler, Nader Mirza Afshar, was captured by the Qajars in 1796.^[8]EnglishThe final ruler, Nader Mirza Afshar, was captured by the Qajars in 1796.پښتووروستی واکمن، نادر میرزا افشار، په ۱۷۹۶ کې د قاجارانو لخوا ونیول شو.دریآخرین حاکم، نادر میرزا افشار، در سال ۱۷۹۶ توسط قاجار ها اسیر شد.

Historical legacy

The Afsharid period is noted for establishing the widest geographic extent of an Iranian dynasty since the Sassanian era.^[5]EnglishThe Afsharid period is noted for establishing the widest geographic extent of an Iranian dynasty since the Sassanian era.پښتود افشاریانو دوره د ساسانیانو له دورې راهیسې د ایراني سلسله ترټولو پراخه جغرافیوي ساحه رامینځته کولو لپاره پیژندل کیږي.دریدوره افشارید برای ایجاد گسترده ترین دامنه جغرافیایی یک سلسله ایرانی از زمان ساسانی ها شناخته شده است. The dynasty's court histories followed the structural models of the Safavid period but introduced meaningful historiographical departures.^[1]EnglishThe dynasty's court histories followed the structural models of the Safavid period but introduced meaningful historiographical departures.پښتود سلطنت د محکمې تاریخ د صفویانو دورې ساختماني ماډلونه تعقیب کړل مګر معنی لرونکي تاریخي تګلارې یې معرفي کړې.دریتاریخچه های درباری سلسله از مدل های ساختاری دوره صفویان پیروی می کرد اما انحرافات تاریخ شناسی معنی داری را معرفی کرد. The empire significantly influenced the geopolitical landscape of the 18th century across Central Asia and the Indian subcontinent.^[6]^[9]EnglishThe empire significantly influenced the geopolitical landscape of the 18th century across Central Asia and the Indian subcontinent.پښتوامپراتورۍ د مرکزي آسیا او هندي برصغیر په اوږدو کې د ۱۸ پیړۍ جیوپولیټیک منظره باندې د پام وړ اغیزه وکړه.دریامپراطوری به طور قابل ملاحظه ای بر چشم انداز ژئوپلیتیک قرن ۱۸ در سراسر آسیای مرکزی و شبه قاره هند تأثیر گذاشت.