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Muhammad Yaqub Khan

Muhammad Yaqub Khan was the Emir of Afghanistan during 1879.[1][2][3]EnglishMuhammad Yaqub Khan was the Emir of Afghanistan during 1879.پښتومحمد یعقوب خان د ۱۸۷۹ کال په ترڅ کې افغانستان امارت (۱۸۲۳ تر ۱۹۲۶) و.دریمحمد یعقوب خان در سال ۱۸۷۹، شماره امارت افغانستان (۱۸۲۳۱۹۲۶) بود. His brief reign occurred following the rule of his father and the escalation of British influence.[1]EnglishHis brief reign occurred following the rule of his father and the escalation of British influence.پښتود هغه لنډه واکمني د هغه د پلار د واکمنۍ او د برتانیا د نفوذ د زیاتوالي وروسته رامنځته شوه.دریحکومت کوتاه او بعد از حکومت پدرش و افزایش نفوذ بریتانیایی ها رخ داد.

Early life and rebellion

Muhammad Yaqub Khan was born in 1849 at the Citadel of Ghazni in the Emirate of Kabul.[1][2][4]EnglishMuhammad Yaqub Khan was born in 1849 at the Citadel of Ghazni in the Emirate of Kabul.پښتومحمد یعقوب خان په ۱۸۴۹ کال کې د غزني په قلعه کې په کابل کال کې زېږېدلی و. He was a member of the Barakzai dynasty.[1][4]EnglishHe was a member of the Barakzai dynasty.پښتوهغه د بارکزي سلسله غړی و. His father was the ruling emir, Sher Ali Khan.[1][4]EnglishHis father was the ruling emir, Sher Ali Khan.پښتود هغه پلار د شېر علي خان کال واکمن امير و. His mother was Qamar Jan, a daughter of Sa'adat Khan of the Mohmand.[1]EnglishHis mother was Qamar Jan, a daughter of Sa'adat Khan of the Mohmand.پښتود هغه مور قمر جان وه، چې د محمد د سعادت خان لور وه.

During the reign of his father, Yaqub Khan served as the governor of the Herat province.[4][5][6][7]EnglishDuring the reign of his father, Yaqub Khan served as the governor of the Herat province.پښتود خپل پلار د واکمنۍ پر مهال، یعقوب خان د هرات ولایت د والي په توګه دنده ترسره کړه.دریدر زمان حکومت پدرش، یعقوب خان به عنوان فرماندار ولایت هرات فعالیت کرد. In 1870, he attempted a rebellion against his father's authority.[6][7]EnglishIn 1870, he attempted a rebellion against his father's authority.پښتوپه ۱۸۷۰ کې، هغه د خپل پلار د واک په وړاندې د بغاوت هڅه وکړه.دریدر سال ۱۸۷۰، او تلاش کرد که علیه اقتدار پدرش شورش نماید. This act led to his imprisonment in 1874.[6][7]EnglishThis act led to his imprisonment in 1874.پښتودا عمل په ۱۸۷۴ کې د هغه د بندي کیدو لامل شو.دریاین عمل منجر به زندانی شدن او در سال ۱۸۷۴ شد.

Accession to the throne

The transition of power began in December 1878.[8][9]EnglishThe transition of power began in December 1878.پښتود واک لیږد د ۱۸۷۸ په دسمبر کې پیل شو.دریانتقال قدرت در دسامبر ۱۸۷۸ آغاز شد. Following military defeats, Sher Ali Khan fled Kabul.[8][9]EnglishFollowing military defeats, Sher Ali Khan fled Kabul.پښتود پوځي ماتې وروسته، شېر علي خان کابل تښتیدلی.دریبعد از شکست های نظامی، شیر علی خان از کابل فرار کرد. He released Yaqub Khan from prison and designated him as his successor.[8][9]EnglishHe released Yaqub Khan from prison and designated him as his successor.پښتوهغه یعقوب خان له زندان څخه خوشې کړ او هغه یې د خپل ځای ناستی په توګه وټاکه.دریاو یعقوب خان را از زندان آزاد کرد و او را به عنوان جانشین خود تعیین کرد. Following the death of Sher Ali Khan in February 1879, Yaqub Khan officially assumed the emirate.[1][4][8][9]EnglishFollowing the death of Sher Ali Khan in February 1879, Yaqub Khan officially assumed the emirate.پښتود ۱۸۷۹ کال د فبرورۍ په میاشت کې د شېر علي خان د مړینې وروسته، یعقوب خان په رسمي ډول امارت په غاړه واخیست.دریبعد از مرگ شیر علی خان در فبروری ۱۸۷۹، یعقوب خان رسماً امارت را به دست گرفت.

The Treaty of Gandamak

In May 1879, Yaqub Khan signed the Treaty of Gandamak.[5][10]EnglishIn May 1879, Yaqub Khan signed the Treaty of Gandamak.پښتوپه می ۱۸۷۹ کې، یعقوب خان ګندمک تړون لاسلیک کړ.دریدر می ۱۸۷۹، یعقوب خان قرارداد پیمان گانداماک را امضا کرد. This treaty meant that Britain would control Afghanistan's foreign affairs.[2][5]EnglishThis treaty meant that Britain would control Afghanistan's foreign affairs.پښتود دې تړون په معنی دا وه چې برتانیا به د افغانستان بهرني چارې کنټرول کړي.دریاین پیمان به این معنی بود که بریتانیا امور خارجی افغانستان را کنترول می کرد. Under the terms of the treaty, Yaqub Khan agreed to several conditions.[2][5]EnglishUnder the terms of the treaty, Yaqub Khan agreed to several conditions.پښتود تړون د شرایطو له مخې، یعقوب خان څو شرایطو سره موافقه وکړه.دریتحت شرایط معاهده، یعقوب خان به چندین شرط موافقت کرد.

The treaty caused immediate domestic unrest.[5]EnglishThe treaty caused immediate domestic unrest.پښتودغه تړون سمدستي کورني ناورینونه رامنځته کړل.دریاین پیمان فوراً به ناآرامی های داخلی منجر شد. This led to the killing of the British representative and his retinue in Kabul in September 1879.[5]EnglishThis led to the killing of the British representative and his retinue in Kabul in September 1879.پښتودا د ۱۸۷۹ په سپتمبر کې په کابل کې د برتانوي استازي او د هغه د ساتونکي وژنې لامل شو.دریاین امر منجر به کشتن نماینده بریتانیایی و همراهان او در کابل در سپتمبر ۱۸۷۹ شد.

Deposition and later life

The collapse of order following the treaty and the actions of the British administration led to his downfall.[5]EnglishThe collapse of order following the treaty and the actions of the British administration led to his downfall.پښتود تړون په پایله کې د نظم سقوط او د انګلیسي ادارې کړنې د هغه سقوط لامل شو.دریسقوط نظم بعد از پیمان و اقدامات دولت بریتانیایی منجر به سقوط او شد. In December 1879, he was sent to India.[5]EnglishIn December 1879, he was sent to India.پښتوپه دسمبر ۱۸۷۹ کې، هغه هند ته واستول شو.دریدر دسامبر ۱۸۷۹، او به هند فرستاده شد.

Yaqub Khan died in Shimla on November 15, 1923.[1][5][7]EnglishYaqub Khan died in Shimla on November 15, 1923.پښتویعقوب خان د ۱۹۲۳ کال د نومبر په ۱۵ په شملې کې مړ شو.درییعقوب خان در ۱۵ نومبر ۱۹۲۳ در شیملا فوت کرد. He was approximately 73 or 74 years old at the time of his death.[1][5][7]EnglishHe was approximately 73 or 74 years old at the time of his death.پښتوهغه د مړینې پر مهال شاوخوا ۷۳ یا ۷۴ کلن و.دریاو در زمان مرگش حدود ۷۳ یا ۷۴ سال سن داشت.

Legacy and historical significance

Yaqub Khan's reign is defined by the signing of the Treaty of Gandamak.[1]EnglishYaqub Khan's reign is defined by the signing of the Treaty of Gandamak.پښتود یعقوب خان واکمنۍ د ګندمک تړون د لاسلیک کولو سره تعریف شوې.دریحکمرانی یعقوب خان با امضای پیمان گانداماک تعریف شده است. His accession followed the flight of Sher Ali Khan and his subsequent death.[8][9]EnglishHis accession followed the flight of Sher Ali Khan and his subsequent death.پښتود شیر علي خان د تښتېدو او د هغه د مړینې وروسته د هغه واک ته ورسېد.دریاو بعد از فرار شیر علی خان و مرگ او به سلطنت رسید. He is noted for the rapid transition from his role as a rebellious governor to a ruler under British oversight.[4][6][7]EnglishHe is noted for the rapid transition from his role as a rebellious governor to a ruler under British oversight.پښتوهغه د یو باغی والي په توګه د خپل رول څخه د برتانیا تر څارنې لاندې واکمن ته د چټک لیږد لپاره پیژندل شوی.دریاو بخاطر انتقال سریع از نقش خود به عنوان یک فرماندار سرکش به یک حاکم تحت نظارت بریتانیایی شناخته شده است.

Genealogies: family, parents and children

Sources

  1. Mohammad Yaqub Khan - Wikipedia
  2. Mohammad Yaqub Khan Facts for Kids
  3. محمد يعقوب خان - ويكيبيديا
  4. Biography of Mohammad Yaqub Khan - Afghanistan Online
  5. Khorasanzameen خراسان زمین
  6. Mohammad Yaqub Khan - Wikidata
  7. Mohammad Yaqub Khan (–) - History Atlas
  8. محمدیعقوب خان - ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
  9. محمد یعقوب خان - دانشنامه ملل
  10. Yaʿqūb Khan | emir of Afghanistan | Britannica